Directions (Q. 1-10): Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow based on the information given in the passage.
Right through history, imperial powers have clung to their possessions to death. Why, then, did Britain in 1947 give up the jewel in its crown, India? For many reasons. The independence struggle exposed the hollowness of the white man’s burden. Provincial self-rule since 1935 paved the way for full self-rule. Churchill resisted independence, but the Labour Government of Atlee was anti-imperialist by ideology. Finally, the Royal Indian Navy Mutiny in 1946 raised fears of a second Sepoy Mutiny and convinced British waverers that it was safer to withdraw gracefully. But politico-military explanations are not enough. The basis of the empire was always money. The end of the empire had much to do with the fact that British imperialism had ceased to be profitable. World War II left Britain victorious but deeply indebted, needing Marshall Aid and loans from the World Bank. This constituted a strong financial case for ending the no-longer-profitable empire. Empire building is expensive.
The US is spending one billion dollars a day in operations in Iraq that fall well short of full-scale imperialism. Through the centuries, empire building was costly, yet constantly undertaken because it promised high returns. The investment was in armies and conquest. The returns came through plunder and taxes from the conquered. No immorality was attached to imperial loot and plunder. The biggest conquerors were typically revered (hence titles like Alexander the Great, Akbar the Great, and Peter the Great). The bigger and richer the empire, the more the plunderer was admired. This mindset gradually changed with the rise of new ideas about equality and governing for the public good, ideas that culminated in the French and the American Revolutions. Robert Clive was impeached for making a little money on the side, and so was Warren Hastings. The white man’s burden came up as a new moral rationale for conquest. It was supposedly for The Princeton Review CAT sample paper 12 good of the conquered. This led to much-muddled hypocrisy. On the one hand, the empire needed to be profitable. On the other hand, the white man’s burden made brazen loot impossible. An additional factor deterring loot was the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny. Though crushed, it reminded the British vividly that they were a tiny ethnic group who could not rule a gigantic subcontinent without the support of important locals. After 1857, the British stopped annexing one princely state after another, and instead treated the princes as allies. Land revenue was fixed in absolute terms, partly to prevent local unrest and partly to promote the notion of the white man’s burden. The empire proclaimed itself to be a protector of the Indian peasant against exploitation by Indian elites. This was denounced as hypocrisy by nationalists like Dadabhai Naoroji in the 19th century, who complained that land taxes led to an enormous drain from India to Britain. Objective calculations by historians like Angus Maddison suggest a drain of perhaps 1.6 percent of Indian Gross National Product in the 19th century. But land revenue was more or less fixed by the Raj in absolute terms, and so its real value diminished rapidly with inflation in the 20th century. By World War II, India had ceased to be a profit centre for the British Empire. Historically, conquered nations paid taxes to finance fresh wars of the conqueror. India itself was asked to pay a large sum at the end of World War I to help repair Britain’s finances. But, as shown by historian Indivar Kamtekar, the independence movement led by Gandhiji changed the political landscape, and made mass-taxation of India increasingly difficult. By World War II, this had become politically impossible. Far from taxing India to pay for World War II, Britain actually began paying India for its contribution of men and goods. Troops from white dominions like Australia, Canada, and New Zealand were paid for entirely by these countries, but Indian costs were shared by the British government. Britain paid in the form of non-convertible sterling balances, which mounted swiftly. The conqueror was paying the conquered, undercutting the profitability on which all empire is founded. Churchill opposed this, and wanted to tax India rather than owe it money. But he was overruled by Indian hands, who said India would resist payment, and paralyze the war effort. Leo Amery, Secretary of Sta te for India, said that when you are driving in a taxi to the station to catch a life-or-death train, you do not loudly announce that you have doubts whether to pay the fare. Thus, World War II converted India from a debtor to a creditor with over one billion pounds in sterling balances.Britain, meanwhile, became the biggest debtor in the world. It’s not worth ruling over people who are afraid to tax.
1. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the emergence of the ‘white man’s burden’ as a new rationale for empire building in India?
1) The emergence of the idea of the public good as an element of governance.
2) The decreasing returns from imperial loot and increasing costs of conquest.
3) The weakening of the immorality attached to an emperor’s looting behaviour.
4) A growing awareness of the idea of equality among peoples. 5) None of these
2. Which of the following best expresses the main purpose of the author?
1) To present the various reasons that can lead to the collapse of an empire and the granting of independence to the subjects of an empire.
2) To point out the critical role played by the ‘white man’s burden’ in making a colonizing power give up its claims to native possessions.
3) To highlight the contradictory impulse underpinning empire building which is a costly business but very attractive at the same time.
4) To illustrate how the erosion of the financial basis of an empire supports the granting of independence to an empire’s constituents. 5) None of these
3. What was the main lesson the British learned from the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857?
1) That the local princes were allies, not foes.
2) That the land revenue from India would decline dramatically.
3) That the British were a small ethnic group.
4) That India would be increasingly difficult to rule. The Princeton Review CAT sample paper 13
5) None of these
4. Which of the following best captures the meaning of the ‘white man’s burden’, as it is used by the author?
1) The British claim to a civilizing mission directed at ensuring the good of the natives.
2) The inspiration for the French and the American Revolutions.
3) The resource drain that had to be borne by the home country’s white population.
4) An imperative that made open looting of resources impossible. 5) None of these
5. Why didn’t Britain tax India to finance its World War II efforts?
1) Australia, Canada, and New Zealand had offered to pay for the Indian troops.
2) India had already paid a sufficiently large sum during World War I.
3) It was afraid that if India refused to pay, Britain’s war efforts would be jeopardised.
4) The British empire was built on the premise that the conqueror pays the conquered.
5) None of these
Directions (Q. 6-8): Choose the word which is opposite in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
6. proclaim
1) declare 2) clarion 3) trumpet 4) predicate 5) deny
7. debtor
1) loanee 2) drawee 3) mortgagor 4) defaulter 5) mortagagee
8. hypocrisy
1) glibness 2) phoniness 3) honesty 4) quackery 5) deceit
Directions (Q. 9-10): Choose the word which is most similar in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage
9. imperialism
1) development 2) quackery 3) under progress 4) failure 5) None of these
10. fresh
1) new 2) old 3) medium 4) light 5) None of these
Answers:
1. 2; 1, 3 and 4 are stated in the third paragraph.
2. 4; Refer to the last line of the first paragraph, the secondparagraph and the last line of the passage.
3. 3; Refer to the part it reminded the British vividly.
4. 1; Refer to the part it was supposedly for the good of the
conquered.
5. 3; Refer to the part India would resist payment, and paralyze
the war effort.
6. 5, 7. 5; mortgagee, 8. 3, 9. 1, 10. 1
Directions (Q. 1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
Role of education in our life is vital as it reflects good civilisation which spreads awareness in society about how we can be a good social being and help others in our daily life. Education is also a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of others, but may also be autodidactic. Any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. Right to Education Act (RTE) is an Indian legislation enacted by the Parliament of India on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 in India under Article 21(a) of the Constitution. India became one of 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the act came into force on 1 April 2010. To provide better education an amount is released by Indian government every year. The Ministry of Finance proposed an allocation of Rs. 65,869 crore for the sector in the Union budget for 2013-14, an increase of a little over 7% from that for the current fiscal year.Of the total education outlay, the flagship scheme Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) was allocated Rs. 27,258 crore for implementing the Right to Education Act that promises education to all children in the 6-14 age group. The previous Union Budget for 2012-13 had pegged an outlay of Rs. 61,427 crore for education, including Rs. 25,555 crore for SSA.But the quality of education provided by the government system remains in question. As it’s suffering from shortages of teachers, infrastructural gaps and several habitations continue to lack schools altogether. There are also frequent allegations of government schools being riddled with absenteeism and mismanagement and appointments are based on political convenience. Despite the allure of free lunchfood in the government schools, many parents send their children to private schools.The condition of education is also pathetic in most of the countries i.e. on 9 October 2012; Yousafzai was shot in the head and neck in an assassination attempt by Taliban gunmen while returning home on a school bus. But they could not succeed. The assassination attempt sparked a national and international outpouring of support for Yousafzai. Now Yousafzai may have become “the most famous teenager in the world”. If the Right to Education Act is implemented properly in all schools, students from the marginalised sections will be greatly benefited. Another important fact is financial support for education. The student could achieve this feat only because of the scholarship scheme. The government should make sure that grants are disbursed on time and deserving students should not have to wait.
1. Which of the following best describe Right to Education Act (RTE)?
a) An Indian legislation enacted by the parliament of India on 4 August 2009.
b) An act, which provides education to all.
c) An act that describes the importance of free and compulsory education for children between 6 and and 14 in India. d) All of the above e) None of these
2.
2. What age limit has been decided for compulsory and free education in India?
a) Children between 6 and 14
b) All children born on 1 January 1999 or before.
c) All children who are above 3 1/2 years.
d) All students below 14 years studying in government schools. e) None of these
3. What major problems are encountered in government schools?
a) Lack of well educated teachers b) Mismanagement c) Political interference
d) Lack of facilities d) all the above
4. Who among the following attempted to kill Yousafzai?
a) LTTE b) Naxalites c) Taliban gunman d) LeT d) None of these
5. What do you mean by word 'autodidactic' used in the passage?
a) A self taught person b) with an effective appeal c) Full of courage d) Very knowledgeable
d) None of these
Directions (Q. 6-8): Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
6. Formative
a) Malleable b) Destructive c) Mar Temporary d) Transitory d) Influential
7. Flagship
a) Pliant b) forerunner c) Courageous d) Immature d) Speaker
8. Allure
a) Entice b) Pierce c) Appeal d) Perforate e) Detract
Direction (9-10): Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
9. Pegged
a) Detached b) Clinched c) Improved d) Squeezed e) Joined
10. Assassination
a) Butchery b) Carnage c) Temptation d) Birth e) Killing
Answers:
1. c , 2. a , 3. e , 4. c , 5. A, 6. e , 7. b , 8. c , 9. a , 10. d
Directions (Q. 1 - 10): Read the passage given below and answer the questions. A few words have been italicised to help you locate them easily.
The medical profession labours under greater stress than any other mainly because it deals everyday in matters of life and death. It is equally true, however, that no other professional uses with so much immunity the conditions of his professional life–which he has accepted by choice–as an excuse for rudeness, less than professional behaviour, and if he is very successful, as a useful barrier between himself and his anxious patient. The patient is often put on the defensive and made to feel that his questions are keeping the doctor away from more deserving patients. One pays an arm and a leg today for hospitalisation and nursing care and in most cases, gets very little in return except a string of investigative reports and often a delayed patient-discharge summary that is incomplete and inadequate for future reference. And, when one goes back with a problem one is blamed for not furnishing up to date information which the hospital did not provide in the first place. Today when the debate is on about legal protection for the medical professional and also about bringing him under the purview of the Consumer Protection Act, it would be wise to think also of the patient's rights. Unless the patient or his family knows enough about medicine, illness, side-effects, diagnostic methods, their need and efficacy, there is a fair chance of dire consequences. And yet when the patient or his family members have genuine fears or doubts, the medical man sometimes does not attempt to hide his impatience. The patient has the right to be informed about the diagnosis, treatment and chances of cure of his illness. When this is medically unsuitable for the patient to know, some other family member should be so informed. Before the treatment begins, the patient/suitable family member should be informed of all possible medical risks that he may be running. Each patient has the right, if he is capable, at the time of clear judgment, to decide whether he wishes to accept the suggested treatment. If he declines to do so he must be informed of the consequences. The patient has the right to seek a second or a third opinion or to shift to another hospital without being made to feal an ungrateful worm or a hypochondriac. He also has the right to be informed in enough detail and without delay about post-hostpitalisation care at home.
1. The author accuses the doctor of
1) laxity in his operation. 2) enjoyment at the cost of the patients. 3) being rude and uncommunicative to the patients. 4) choosing a wrong profession 5) None of these
2. The genuine questions of the patients are treated as
1) a Herculean task. 2) a mere waste of time. 3) inadequate and incomplete. 4) a means of furnishing up-to-date information. 5) None of these
3. The patient has the right to be informed about
1) the ethics of medical profession
2) the time of his death.
3) the legal consequences the doctor may face in case of casualty.
4) the risks he may incur in treatment.
5) All of the above
4. If the patient wants to consult another doctor, he should be
1) considered guilty and irresponsible.
2) freely allowed to do so.
3) threatened with dire consequences.
4) kicked out of the doctor's chamber.
5) None of these
5. One should think of the rights of
1) the doctor. 2) the patient. 3) the nurse. 4) 2 and 3 5) 1 and 2
Directions (Q. 6-10): Choose the word nearest in meaning (Q. 6-8) and opposite in meaning (Q. 5-10) to the given words as used in the passage.
6. profession
1) declaration 2) occupation 3) confession 4) patient 5) mystery
7. furnishing
1) providing 2) decorating 3) substantiating 4) telling 5) narrating
8. declines
1) slopes downward 2) considers 3) agrees 4) refuses 5) inclines
9. immunity
1) impunity 2) tenability 3) culpability 4) disgrace 5) vengeance
10. defensive
1) admonishing 2) protective 3) fugitive 4) subversive 5) offensive
Answers:
1. 3
The doctor uses the conditions of his professional life "as an excuse for rudeness." The author feels that "the patient has the right to be informed" but the doctor does not fare well on this count.
2. 2
The patient is made to feel "that his questions are keeping the doctor away from deserving patients."
3. 4
Read the third sentence of the last para.
4. 2
Read the second sentence from the bottom.
5. 5
The passage has been written from a patient-centic point of view.
6. 2 , 7. 1 , 8. 4 , 9. 3 , 10. 5
Directions (Q. 1-10) : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
It’s not that independent political movements with noble objectives have not been tried before in India. Loksatta is a prime example of an organisation that has done great work for years. But what’s happening in Delhi is incredible. With the AAP coming in a clear number two and decimating the Congress, it is for the first time since N T Rama Rao led the TDP to an astounding election win in 1983 that a party formed a year ago has done so incredibly well. And finally, it also means that if strategies are executed well, what the AAP has done in Delhi can be replicated. Movements like Loksatta that have been slogging for years with pretty much the same objectives as the AAP — bringing in a citizen-led alternative to current political dispensations that are seen as nepotistic and corrupt and which will not change; be citizen-led and democratic in functioning as opposed to dynastic rule, clearly will see more than a bright ray of hope in AAP’s showing. AAP made it big this time primarily thanks to the genius of Arvind Kejriwal, but also because of other factors like cloud computing, which has removed the need for expensive technology equipment to leverage technology and the power of social media. AAP used a solution called Voice Tree which took away the need to set up a massive call centre to make calls to citizens. Remember, political parties have long used recorded messages through cold calls, but that is eerie and perhaps counter-productive. What Voice Tree did was provide the AAP with the power to make any person, anywhere in the world, a volunteer for the party at a very low cost.A volunteer called a toll-free central number and from there, he/she was connected to a random Delhi number. Once connected, the volunteer could make a personalised sales pitch for AAP, a far more powerful spiel than a canned message. And once made, the called number would be moved to a called database so that every volunteer had a fresh citizen to approach. Then there’s analytics. Political parties in India have used analytics for every seat, segment, etc, trying to figure out what works best at a hyper-local level. But analytics technologies didn’t come cheap. Today however, thanks to cloud platforms where a user only pays for the service rather than install compute equipment, expensive software, etc, literally anyone can use analytics and transform raw data into information that is valuable. The power of social media has also changed the game.
The AAP no longer needed to go after mainstream media to ensure they carried AAP’s view points. The power of social media ensured that mainstream media had to go after AAP or risk losing relevance. In the Tarun Tejpal case, the power of mainstream media has been shattered by the advent of the social media, with its unfettered ability to set its own agenda on its own terms. No longer is it possible for mainstream media to decide what issues to discuss, and what to brush under the carpet. Clearly, much has changed over the past few years since organisations like Loksatta tried to make a difference. There are trends today that surely organisations like Loksatta are looking at closely in order to replicate AAP’s success. However, this also means that while AAP became a big hit in Delhi, it may not succeed elsewhere where strong movements already exist, unless of course, the AAP wave is so powerful that all these organisations decide to stand under the Kejriwal umbrella.
1. What is meant by voice tree solution ?
1) Service provider of web development which helps to set up a massive call for business advantage etc.
2) It's an outbound survey.
3) An emergency response notifiers.
4) A solution designed to secure your mobile in a single application.
5) None of these
2. How can a person join sales pitch for AAP ?
1) Through an e-mail.
2) Through political approach.
3) By having a unique agenda.
4) By calling on a toll free central number.
5) None of these
3. AAP has defeated which of the following parties ?
1) TMC 2) Telgu Desham Party 3) Congress Party 4) SP 5) None of these
4. Which of the following is true about (AAP) Aam Adami Party ?
1) AAP has broken all the previous record of Congress.
2) The main motive of AAP is to bring Jan Lokpal Bill.
3) Because of media AAP got special attention.
4) All of the above.
5) None of these
5. What is / are the primary reasons behind the success of AAP ?
1) Independent political movement with noble objectives.
2) Well executed strategies.
3) Support of political parties.
4) Approach to fresh citizen.
5) All of the above.
Directions (Q. 6 - 7) : Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
6. CANNED
1) Formal 2) Kept 3) System 4) Annihilated 5) Successful
7. ASTOUNDING
1) Slaughtering 2) Confusing 3) Suggesting 4) Amazing 5) Enlisting
Directions (Q. 8 - 10) : Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
8. NEPOTISTIC
1) Fair 2) Biased 3) Slavery 4) Preferred 5) Liking
9. UNFETTERED
1) Freed 2) Restricted 3) Monastic 4) Liberated 5) Released
10. REPLICATE
1) Clone 2) Copy 3) Ignore 4) Depict 5) Engross
Answers:
1. 1 , 2. 4 , 3. 3 , 4. 5 , 5. 1, 6. 2 , 7. 4 , 8. 1 , 9. 2 , 10. 3
Directions (Q. 1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
India is a great book producing nation and has a vibrant world of book publishing spread throughout the vast country in a number of modern languages most of which have their roots in Sanskrit, the mother of Indian languages. In terms of numbers, there are more than 16,000 publishers in India publishing 90,000 titles annually in 24 languages, out of which 18 are highly developed, to fulfill the needs of this multilingual nation. These languages have a galaxy of good authors, their own publishers and readers of books within their own area as well as spread out in the entire country. Today Indian publishing is one of the greatest in the world and can be counted among the first seven publishing nations. We are the third largest publishers of English language Books after the US and UK. India is the third biggest market for English publications with almost 12,000 publishers that publish around 90,000 titles a year in more than 18 languages. India’s main publishing is in the Indian languages. In India, every year a world level Book fair is held in New Delhi, which is India’s oldest book fair. Delhi Book Fair is playing a pivotal role in reiterating the might of the pen and the printed word and has come to be recognized as the biggest annual cultural event and book bonanza keenly awaited by students, teachers, scholars, authors, intellectuals, librarians and book lovers. First New Delhi World Book Fair was held in around 6790 sq meter area with 200 participants from March 18 to April 4, 1972. It was inaugurated by Sh VV Giri President of India. This biennial event takes place in early February, and is organised by the National Book Trust, India (NBT). Delhi Book Fair has evolved over the years as a highly popular conduit to the world of books and publishers and distributors. The ever increasing numbers of visitors and exhibitors speaks volumes of its success. The fair provides a unique platform for business-to-business transactions, establishing new contacts, entering into co-publishing arrangements, translation and copyright arrangements, reprinting of old and rare books. The visitor profile at the fair includes national and International publishers, librarians, researchers, academicians, writers, students and book lovers. Publishers also introduced “e-Books” in this fair. The focus is being given especially keeping in mind the increasing number of IT-savvy younger generation with a penchant for internet, mobile phones and other reader-friendly digital gizmos.E-books and e-publishing both have their obvious advantages though authors in India have only just begun to realise the immense benefits digital technology can be of in this field. Also, with the country being the third biggest publisher — after the US and UK — the potential in this field is immense and the response too has been quite encouraging so far with a lot of publishers already showing interest in e-publishing. E-publishing is a boon for both established and wannabe writers as it is cost effective and cuts down the time it take for a book to reach markets to about a fourth of what it would have taken had it been left to publishers to do the job. Other benefits include authors now have a world wide audience to their book which means better business while debugging or carrying out revisions too is a lot less hazardous. Another interesting development to have occurred in recent times is the launch of Amazon e-book store in the country as well as the availability of the Kindle range of e-book readers. Needless to say, a direct fallout of the renewed push that e-book are getting is increased sale of e-book readers and tablet devices.
1. Who had inaugurated the first New Delhi World Book Fair ?
1) Finance Minister of India
2) Prime Minister of India
3) Chief of NBT
4) President of India
5) None of these
2. Which of the following is not a feature of Delhi Book fair ?
1) Business to business transactions
2) Co-publishing arrangements
3) Availability of rare books
4) E - Books
5) None of these
3. Which of the following is false in the context of given passage ?
1) People have only craze of variety of books in the fair and not for offer and cash cow.
2) New Delhi book fair has completed more than 40 years of its success.
3) After the US and the UK, India has maintained its place in the list of largest publishers of English language books.
4) All of the above
5) None of these
4. What do you understand by 'E-books' ?
1) An electronic version of only online magazines and books of foreign writers.
2) An electronic version of a printed book.
3) A shortened form of a printed book.
4) Both 1) and 2)
5) None of these
5. In which of the following language are India's main epics available ?
1) Hindi
2) Urdu
3) Sanskrit
4) Bilingual i.e in Hindi and English
5) None of these
Directions (Q. 6 - 8) : Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
6. Hazardous
1) risky 2) safe 3) protected 4) secure 5) Important
7. Conduit
1) Spout 2) Pass 3) Crucial 4) Cardinal 5) Channel
8. Gizmos
1) watch 2) Gadgets 3) Driver 4) Machine 5) Contrivance
Directions (Q. 9 - 10) : Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
9. Pivotal
1) Unimportant 2) Alive 3) Vine 4) Culvert 5) Windfall
10. Wannabe
1) Striving 2) Postulant 3) Contestant 4) Hopeless 5) Wanted
Answers:
1. 4 , 2. 5 , 3. 1 , 4. 2 , 5. 3, 6. 1 , 7. 5 , 8. 2 , 9. 1 , 10. 4
Directions (Q. 51-60):Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
Online shopping is the process of researching and purchasing products or services over the Internet. Basically online shopping is divided into 2 categories: Travel/Tourism and Online Retail Business. Travel/Tourism websites are like Makemytrip.com, IRCTC.com, Bookmyshow.com, Paytm.com and Yatra.com. These all sites provide some kind of either tickets or service. Like Paytm.com helps to do online recharge while makemytrip.com helps us to make Air/Bus/Rail ticket.
Online Retail Websites are those, from where we purchase a product and the product is delivered to our doorstep. Like Flipkart.com, eBay.com and Amazon. in. These websites have a wide range of variety of products and brand. They deliver the purchased goods to our doorstep. Online Ticketing/Tourism/Services contribute 75% to the total revenue. The earliest online stores went into business in 1992, and online retailing took over a significant segment of the retail market during the first decade of the twenty-first century, as ownership of personal computers increased and established retailers began to offer their products over the Internet.
Despite spiraling inflation and decline in demand for goods and services, e-commerce continued to gather steam in the year 2013. It moved strongly ahead, finding great acceptance among consumers as they turned to online portals for buying electronics, home appliances, fast-moving consumer goods and even cars. The year 2014 will see continuation of consolidation of business in the over-crowded industry, and experts expect clear leaders to emerge in terms of specific categories. Reasons behind the popularity of Online Shopping in India are following: Internet users are increasing at a rate of 20%. Some specific product may not be available in local market. In online shopping website, we can find a wide range of variety and brands. So we can choose the best and cheaper among all. We get discount and other incentives through online shopping, which is generally not available in retail shop. Like Flipkart.com provides 30 days replacement guarantee. Moreover we have a busy life schedule, to book a Railway ticket at Ticket Counter may consume entire day but we can book the same ticket online within two minutes (considering makemytrip.com). So we can save our time through online shopping. We have also multiple payment options. So no tension of cash. In case of online shopping we get cash on delivery, some times free home delivery and many other incentives, which are very attractive.The growth rate of Online Shopping is gaining pace in India. India is 3rd largest country in this race lagging behind only USA and China. The growth rate of Online Shoppers is more than 30% while world’s average growth rate is just 6-7%. You may be wondered to see that only 11% of India population is using Internet and only 10 million online shoppers. Think about the number of online shoppers, if 50% of India’s population gets start online shopping. The revenue generation was $2.5b in 2009, $6.3b in 2011 and $14b in 2012 and it is expected to reach to $24b by 2015. It is expected to contribute 4% to our GDP by 2020.Consumers across the globe are increasingly swapping crowded stores for one-click convenience, as online shopping becomes a safe and popular option. Online shopping has some advantages over shopping in retail stores, including the ability to easily compare prices from a range of merchants, access to a wide selection of merchandise, being open 24*7 and the convenience of not having to drive to a physical store. The Future growth will come through improvements to the shopping process on existing Websites; the implementation of more online shopping sites by existing retailers; the coming of age of a younger, more technology-oriented generation; and the introduction of novel goods, services and online shopping experiences. The growth of online shopping in developing nations like India will occur as more people acquire personal computers and credit cards.
1. Which of the following is not a feature of online shopping?
1) It provides a wide range of products and brand.
2) All products are available on sites with a heavy discount.
3) One can get replacement guarantee on some specific shopping sites.
4) Online shopping is available at all the time.
5) None of these
2. Which of the following is not true in the context of given passage?
1) Online shopping is a popular but not a safe option.
2) Flipkart.com provides one month replacement guarantee.
3) It's expected that online shopping users will increase.
4) All of the above
5) None of these
3. India is lagging behind from which of the following countries?
1) Only USA 2) Only Canada 3) Only Japan 4) Only China 5) Other than given options
4. What percentage of revenue is expected to be contributed to India's GDP in next 6 years by online shoppers?
1) 6.3% 2) 3% 3) 4% 4) Data inadequate 5) Other than given option.
5. How can the future growth of online shopping be improved?
1) By introducing more online shopping sites
2) By making more user friendly sites
3) By improving the shopping process
4) By introducing variety of goods and services.
5) All of the above.
6. Which of the following is not a shopping site?
1) Paytm.com 2) Bookmyshow.com 3) eBay.com 4) doorstep.com 5) Other than given option.
7. Why do people prefer online shopping?
1) Easy access to variety of brands with multiple payment options.
2) Today's generation is technology oriented
3) Most of the people have their own personal computers and credit cards
4) Online shopping allows discounts and other lucrative offers.
5) Other than given options
Directions (8- 9) : Choose the word which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
8. SPIRALLING
1) Bending 2) Deflecting 3) Inclining 4) Arch 5) Hook
9. PACE
1) Power 2) Race 3) Pair 4) Sway 5) Progress
Directions (10) : Choose the word which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning to the word printed in bold as given below
10. SWAP
1) Maintain 2) Exchange 3) Replace 4) Create 5) Fix
Answers:
1. 2 , 2. 1 , 3. 5 , 4. 3 , 5. 5, 6. 4 , 7. 1 , 8. 3 , 9. 5 , 10. 1
Directions (Q. 1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
The Constitution of India (Article 19) gives the right to all citizens to “to move freely throughout the territory of India; to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India” which leads to two main types of migration: first, internal migration, i.e. migration within one country, and second international migration, which means the movement from one country to another. The reasons for migration can be divided into two main aspects, the so-called “push” and “pull” factors. Push factors are those in their old place which force people to move. Pull factors are factors in the target country which encourage people to move; these include peace and safety, a chance of a better job, better education, social security, a better standard of living in general as well as political and religious freedom. Since the 1830s, international migration from India under British rule comprised largely of unskilled workers from poorer socio-economic groups who went to other colonised countries.
Between 1834 and 1937, nearly 30 million people left India and nearly four-fifths returned. Post-Independence, migrants came from richer socio-economic groups, from wealthier parts of the country and, with the exception of the large migration to the Middle East, went industrialised. The migrant stream to the United States in particular has been the most highly educated, both compared to other immigrants into the US, as well as to other Indian migrant streams abroad. Since the 1990s, increasing numbers of skilled emigrants from India have also been moving to Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Singapore.Migration of persons within national borders is far greater in magnitude than migration across international borders and has enormous potential to contribute to economic prosperity, social cohesion and urban diversity. Internal migration is an essential and inevitable component of the economic and social life of the country, given regional imbalances and labour shortages, and safe migration should be promoted to maximise its benefits. However, in the absence of a coherent policy framework and strategy, migration imposes heavy costs on human development through poor labour arrangements and working conditions of migrants, and obstacles in their access to shelter, education, healthcare and food. Migrants constitute a ‘floating’ and invisible population, alternating between source and destination areas and remaining on the periphery of society. In India, internal migration has been accorded very low priority by the government, and policies of the Indian state have largely failed in providing any form of legal or social protection to this vulnerable group.
1. What's the main difference between push and pull factors of migration ?
1) Push factors are conditions that drives people to leave their homes, while pull factors attracts people to a new area.
2) Push or pull factors that made your family happy.
3) Push means a new home in a different state, while pull means influence people to shift in new home.
4) Push and pull factors are closely interrelated.
5) None of these
2. Most of the highly educated group of India has been migrated in which of the following country as given in the passage?
1) China and USA 2) Australia and Singapore 3) Canada and New Zealand 4) Both 2) and 3)
5) None of these
3. As given in the passage which type of migration does occur frequently ?
1) Internal migration 2) International migration 3) Step migration 4) Impelled migration
5) None of these
4. What is the main reason behind internal migration?
1) Various social, economic or political reasons
2) This may be due to marriage for work and moved with household
3) For higher education
4) For expansion of business 5) None of these
5. Which of the following is true in the context of the passage ?
1) The maximum migration takes place in the eastern countries.
2) International migration is far greater than internal migration.
3) Government of India is against brain drain.
4) Migrants only came from richer socio-economic groups.
5) None of these
Directions (6- 8) : Choose the word which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
6. Inevitable
1) Sure 2) Escapable 3) Fortuitous 4) Unavoidable 5) Settled
7. Floating
1) Volatile 2) Fickle 3) Sunk 4) Submerged 5) Slighty
8. Enormous
1) Ordinary 2) Common 3) Massive 4) Escapable 5) Irrational
Directions (9 - 10) : Choose the word which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning of the word printed in bold as given below.
9. Vulnerable
1) Exposed 2) Accessible 3) Sensitive 4) Buoyant 5) Safe
10. Coherent
1) Obscure 2) Comprehensible 3) Guarded 4) Disorderly 5) Logical
Answers:
1. 1 , 2. 4 , 3. 1 , 4. 2 , 5. 5, 6. 4 , 7. 1 , 8. 3 , 9. 5 , 10. 1
Directions (Q. 1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
Every year, the sun irradiates the land masses on earth with the equivalent of 19,000 billion tonnes of oil equivalent (toe). Only a fraction — 9 billion toe — would satisfy the world’s current energy requirements. Put differently, in 20 minutes, the amount of solar energy falling on the earth could power the planet for one year. Every hour the sun beams onto Earth more than enough energy to satisfy global energy needs for an entire year. Solar energy is the technology used to harness the sun’s energy and make it useable. Today, the technology produces less than one tenth of one per cent of global energy demand. All energy originates with the sun except for nuclear, geothermal and tidal energy. Solar energy comes to us as high intensity radiation (light energy). As it falls on the earth, it is transformed into heat by any surface or material — be it the atmosphere, soil, buildings, or even the furniture in front of a window. This heat also drives the world’s weather systems including wind, rain and river flow. Through photosynthesis, plants also turn solar energy into new growth. Many people are familiar with so-called photovoltaic cells, or solar panels, found on things like spacecraft, rooftops, and handheld calculators. The cells are made of semiconductor materials like those found in computer chips. When sunlight hits the cells, it knocks electrons loose from their atoms. As the electrons flow through the cell, they generate electricity. Photo-voltaic were initially, and still are, used to power small and medium-sized applications, from the calculator powered by a single solar cell to off-grid homes powered by a photovoltaic array. They are an important and relatively inexpensive source of electrical energy where grid power is inconvenient, unreasonably expensive to connect, or simply unavailable. However, as the cost of solar electricity is falling, solar power is also increasingly being used even in grid-connected situations as a way to feed low-carbon energy into the grid. On a much larger scale, solar thermal power plants employ various techniques to concentrate the sun’s energy as a heat source. The heat is then used to boil water to drive a steam turbine that generates electricity in much the same fashion as coal and nuclear power plants, supplying electricity for thousands of people. In one technique, long troughs of Ushaped mirrors focus sunlight on a pipe of oil that runs through the middle. The hot oil then boils water for electricity generation. Another technique uses movable mirrors to focus the sun’s rays on a collector tower, where a receiver sits.Molten salt flowing through the receiver is heated to run a generator. Other solar technologies are passive. For example, big windows placed on the sunny side of a building allow sunlight to heat-absorbent materials on the floor and walls. These surfaces then release the heat at night to keep the building warm. Similarly, absorbent plates on a roof can heat liquid in tubes that supply a house with hot water. Solar energy is lauded as an inexhaustible fuel source that is pollution and often noise free. The technology is also versatile. For example, solar cells generate energy for far-out places like satellites in Earth orbit and cabins deep in the Rocky Mountains as easily as they can power downtown buildings and futuristic cars. But solar energy doesn’t work at night without a storage device such as a battery, and cloudy weather can make the technology unreliable during the day. Solar technologies are also very expensive and require a lot of land area to collect the sun’s energy at rates useful to lots of people. Despite the drawbacks, solar energy use has surged at about 20 per cent a year over the past 15 years, thanks to rapidly falling prices and gains in efficiency. Japan, Germany, and the United States are major markets for solar cells. With tax incentives, solar electricity can often pay for itself in five to ten years.
1. Solar panel is also known as
1) Sources of solar energy 2) Rooftops 3) Photovoltaic 4) Leclanche cell 5) None of these
2. Which is the expensive source of electrical energy ?
1) Grid power 2) Photovoltaic cells 3) Generator 4) Solar cells 5) None of these
3. Which of the following is not a source of energy ?
1) Solar thermal power plants 2) Nuclear power plants 3) Coal 4) Molten salt 5) None of these
4. What's main shortcoming of Solar Energy ?
1) It's a unreliable source of energy
2) It doesn't work at night without a storage
3) It is a limited source of energy
4) All the above
5) None of these
5. Which of the following is true in the context of the given passage ?
1) Photovoltaic systems use no fuel
2) Indian government has announced various financial incentives to encourage the use of Solar power
3) Solar power is not competitive with fossil fuels in India
4) Solar power plant generated are utilised for commercial use only
5) None of these
6. Which of the following is the most SIMILAR word of Molten ?
1) Glowing 2) Igneous 3) Melted 4) Docile 5) Active
7. Which of the following is the most OPPOSITE word of passive ?
1) Lifeless
2) Geared
3) Colourful
4) Important
5) Active
8. Which of the following word is the most OPPOSITE word of Inexhaustible?
1) Finite 2) Endless 3) Unlimited 4) Calculable 5) Revere
9. Which of the following word is the most SIMILAR word of LAUDED ?
1) Glorified 2) Praised 3) Planted 4) Concerned 5) Alived
10. Which of the following is FALSE in the context of the given passage ?
1) It brings you an array of solutions from standalone rooftop solar panels for homes and small businesses.
2) Solar energy is the endless energy which is received from the sun
3) Solar system a cost-effective
4) All of the above
5) None of these
Answers:
1. 3 , 2. 1 , 3. 5 , 4. 1 , 5. 5, 6. 3 , 7. 5 , 8. 1 , 9. 2 , 10. 5
Directions (Q. 1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below.
Ethics concern an individual’s moral judgements about right and wrong. Decisions taken within an organisation may be made by individuals or groups, but whoever makes them will be influenced by the culture of the company. The decision to behave ethically is a moral one; employees must decide what they think is the right course of action. This may involve rejecting the route that would lead to the biggest short-term profit. Ethical issues include the rights and duties between a company and its employees, suppliers, customers and neighbours, its fiduciary responsibility to its shareholders.Issues concerning relations between different companies include hostile take-over and industrial espionage. Related issues include governance; corporate; political contributions; legal issues such as the ethical debate over introducing a crime of corporate manslaughter; and the marketing of corporations’ ethics policies. Business ethics reflects the philosophy of business, one of whose aims is to determine the fundamental purposes of a company. If a company’s purpose is to maximise shareholder returns, then sacrificing profits to other concerns is a violation of its fiduciary responsibility. Business ethics is also known as corporate ethics, a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organisations. Business ethics has both normative and descriptive dimensions. As a corporate practice and a career specialisation, the field is primarily normative.Academics attempting to understand business behaviour employ descriptive methods. The range and quantity of business ethical issues reflects the interaction of profit-maximising behaviour with non-economic concerns. Ethical behaviour and corporate social responsibility can bring significant benefits to a business. For example, they may: attract customers to the firm’s products, thereby boosting sales and profits. It makes employees want to stay with the business, reduce labour turnover and therefore increase productivity. It attracts more employees wanting to work for the business, reduce recruitment costs and enable the company to get the most talented employees and also attract investors and keep the company’s share price high, thereby protecting the business from takeover. While unethical behaviour or a lack of corporate social responsibility, by comparison, may damage a firm’s reputation and make it less appealing to stakeholders. Unethical behaviour can also result in bad publicity, resulting in a bad name that will always be associated with the company even if they attempt to utilise a more ethical code of conduct. If a company has unethical behaviour and is charged by the courts, they can wind up paying fines, court fees and may even receive some jail time, many companies eventually go bankrupt and close their doors due to the high cost of unethical behaviours. Unethical behaviour also decreases productivity of a company. If you are working in a company with bad ethical behaviours, it is difficult for the employees to trust each other, or their supervisors. When people work in an environment where they do not trust anyone, they are not going to do their best work, if they continue to work there at all. Unethical behaviour can cause employees to lose the faith in the company and become more likely to call it sick more often or not even show up at all. Once a company is known for having unethical behaviours, the effects can be permanent. All of the years spent on building a good reputation can be quickly torn down with only one unethical incident, destroying the company’s reputation possibly forever.
Q1. What is meant by manslaughter ?
1) A kind of heinous crime 2) It's all about employees.3) Legally killing of one human being by another.
4) Killing without malicious forethought 5) None of these
Q2. What is/are the dimensions of Business ethics ?
1) Corporate ethics 2) Applied ethics or professional ethics 3) Normative and descriptive
4) 1) and 2) 5) None of these
Q3. What can be the worst impact of unethical behaviour in corporate world ?
1) It can reduce the loyalty of customer towards the product.
2) It will reduce productivity.
3) It may damage firm's reputation and make it less appealing to stake holders.
4) A company can be charged by the counts and order to close down it with a fine or jail or both. Thus it becomes insolvent.
5) Both 1) and 3)
Q4. Once a company is known for having unethical behaviours, the effect can be-
1) Permanent 2) Negligible 3) Temporary 4) Partial 5) None of these
Q5. Which of the following is definitely true in the context of the passage ?
1) Profit maximisation directly is proportional to ethical behaviour.
2) People having ethical behaviour are always in loss at their workplace.
3) Corporate culture does not understand business behaviour.
4) Both 2) and 3)
5) None of these
Directions (Q. 6 - 8) : Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Q6. FIDUCIARY
1) Employee 2) Guardian 3) Minimum 4) Collector 5) Store keeper
Q7. ESPIONAGE
1) Spying 2) Information 3) Reforms 4) Norms 5) Requirement
Q8. TORN DOWN
1) Restore 2) Reject 3) Initiate 4) End 5) Demolish
Directions (Q. 9- 10) : Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Q9. WIND-UP
1) Start 2) Air 3) Conclude 4) Unsettle 5) Normalise
Q10. BANKRUPT
1) Successful 2) Saved 3) Rich 4) Solvent 5) Complete
Answers:
1. 4 , 2. 3 , 3. 4 , 4. 1 , 5. 1, 6. 2 , 7. 1 , 8. 5 , 9. 1 , 10. 4
Directions (Q. 1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
Mercy killing is the act of killing someone painlessly especially to relieve someone suffering from an incurable illness. It is also known as Euthanasia . It came from the Greek words, Eu (good) and Thanatopsis (death), but it relates to most painful and enigmatic question for the terminally ill patients, be it Cancer, AIDS, accidental or traumatic coma, and innumerable vincurable diseases, waiting for the end to come but the end is not so easy its quite painful. The quality of life, in such a serious critical conditions is bleak, caregivers stress is also insurmountable, and the only prayer is that "DEATH" should embrace the patient in good grace for an eternal peaceful abode. In such a situation, if the death is not imminent but sure, the question arises why not the patient is artificially induced for a death, of course medically. But currently there are cases of misuse of euthanasia, for example in cases where the patient is pressured by family members to give consent to the ending of their lives.
The legalisation of voluntary euthanasia provides an opportunity for safeguards against just such a situation, and other instances of coercion and fraud. Mercy Killing is legally punishable and religiously a sin however worst may be the condition of the patient. In addition, doctors are afraid to openly discuss end-of-life decisions with patients due to illegalities. This prevents an open and honest relationship between doctor and patient in which the doctor can discover the patient's wishes regarding his/her own life and death. That's why in every medical centre, there is statuary warning that the physicians concerned will not reveal the gender to the patient. Because most of the Indian families said to have a dislike for female child. A simple scan if reveals a viable female foetus and they presumably run for abortion, with the medical aid or illegally with the help of quacks to imperil both the lives.
The most important question is here whether the too terminally ill, with the pain which cannot be described in words, should they live waiting for the death to grace or can euthanasia be legally permitted for the embrace death with dignity. The government of India is against bringing any laws on mercy killings. The Supreme Court bench however had stated while writing the judgement -'If we leave it solely to the patient's relatives or to the doctors or the next friend to decide whether to withdraw life support to an incompetent person, there is always a risk in our country that this may be misused by some unscrupulous persons who wish to inherit or otherwise grab the property of the patient. Considering the low ethical levels prevailing in our society today and the rampant commercialisation and corruption, we cannot rule out the possibility that unscrupulous persons with the help of some unscrupulous doctors may fabricate material to show that it is a terminal case with no chance of recovery.'
1. Which of the following best describes Mercy Killing?
1) It is the homicide of a member of a family or social group or other members.
2) The unlawful killing, with malice of another human
3) It's harmful, irrational and regrettable killing of a member of a family.
4) The act of putting to death painlessly by withholding medical measures from a person suffering from an incurable or painful condition.
5) All of the above
2. Which of the following depicts the importance of mercy killing?
1) It maintains family honour.
2) Because it's inhuman to put patients through the suffering that is the direct result of their illness.
3) Its extremely secret and discrete in nature.
4) All the above
5) None of these
3. In the context of the given passage which of the following is the last option for those suffering from incurable diseases?
1) Prayer for his/her 'DEATH'
2) Assist in suicide.
3) Must be provided better treatment
4) Their relative should appeal in the Supreme Court against the law of mercy killing
5) One should stop to give food and water to a patient in vegetative state.
4. Why is the Supreme Court against the mercy killing?
1) Because it's against the religion
2) The case of suicide will definitely increase
3) It can't be legalised
4) It can be misused by scrupulous person for grabbing the property of the patient
5) It will increase the cases of harassment at work place.
5. Complete the following given sentence in the context of the passage-
Mercy killing is legally ______________ and religiously a _________________ however worst may be the condition of the patient?
1) criticised, need 2) valid, boon 3) punishable, sin 4) favourable, void
5) appreciated, pathetic situation
Directions (Q. 6-8): Choose the word which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
6. Enigmatic
1) Unexplainable 2) Known 3) Plain 4) Clear 5) Mild
7. Insurmountable
1) Beatable 2) Attainable 3) Custodian 4) Invincible 5) Excessive
8. Imperil
1) Counterfeit 2) Endanger 3) Expose 4) Flagrant 5) Risk
Directions (Q. 9-10): Choose the word which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning of the word printed in bold as given below-
9. Caregiver
1) Dependent 2) Uncontrolled 3) Answerable 4) Nurse 5) Imposter
10. Rampant
1) Moral 2) Moderate 3) Controlled 4) Reality 5) Pretentious
Answer:1. 4 , 2. 2 , 3. 1 , 4. 4 , 5. 3 , 6. 1, 7. 4 , 8. 2 , 9. 1 , 10. 3
02:37 AM, 30-Dec-2017